Patent rights are "territorial," meaning that they are only enforceable in the country that issued the patent.  A U.S. patent must be applied for, and granted in, the U.S.; it cannot be enforced in other countries.  However, there are situations where actions taken outside of the U.S. constitute infringement of a U.S. patent. 

An inventor must get a patent in each country where she wants to enforce the patent. Attorneys must be consulted in each country to apply for a patent in that country.

"Prosecution" of a patent application is examination of the application by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to see if the application and the invention meet the legal requirements for a patent. This process can take several years although it can be expedited. 

I am a registered patent attorney with experience in assisting clients acquire patent rights around the world.  Contact me to  help you prepare and prosecute your patent application, and to enforce your patent rights.